livingstone



(No Modl.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. LIVINGSTONE. MEANS FOR ASSUEING PERFECTGOMBUSTION.

No. 427,432. Patented May 6, 1890.

TN! nonms PETERS cu, FHDTO-LI1MO., WASNINGTDN, n. c.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

J. LIVINGS ONE. MEANS PUB, ASSUBING PERFECT GOMBUSTION.

N0.-427,43Z. Patented May 6, 1890.

WITNESSES 17V VEJV: 1 0f? .dllmrney 1n: nonms pzrzns ca, mama-1H0WASKINOYON, n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT EFIcE,

JOHN LIVINGSTONE, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

MEANS FOR ASSURING PERFECT COMBUSTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 427,432, dated May 6,1890.

Application filed June 20, 1889. Serial No. 314,911. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN LIVINGSTONE, manufacturer, residing at 31 YorkChambers, Toronto Street, in the city of Toronto, Province of Ontario,and Dominion of Canada, have invented Improvements in Means for AssuringPerfect Combustion, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is an improvement upon that for which I obtained a patentdated March 12, 1889, No. 39954.1.

My invention relates to that class of devices by which steam isintroduced into the furnace to aid combustion.

It is for use as a part of or as an attachment to furnaces of every kindfor the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the furnace and theperfect combustion of the fuel.

It is for the decomposition of the steam into its gaseous parts andejection into the furnace.

It is for use to accelerate motion among the particles uniting incombustion in the furnaoe.

The form of the device and parts thereof is and are of necessity variedas to shape according to the size and kind of each furnace or boiler,according to the room-space available, and where available on a boiler,in a boiler, in a furnace, or in a place in close proximity thereto forany part of the device.

The nature of my invention will more fully appear from the subjoineddescription, and the novelty will be pointed out in the claims,reference being had to the accompanying drawings of one form of thedevice, in which it is made to apply to a portable boiler of thelocomotive type.

Figure 1 isalongitudinal section of aboiler, showing the furnace and myapparatus connected thereto. Fig. 2 is a transverse View of a boilerwith the front plates of the boiler removed, so as to show the inside ofa furnace and part of my apparatus (the superheaters) therein. Fig. 3 isan enlarged section of the superheaters D D with combination therein.Fig. 4 is an enlarged section of superheaters D D with no combinationtherein, and Fig. 5 a view showing the device applied to a furnacehaving hollow perforated grate-bars.

A in Figs. 1 and 2 is a vessel that may be of any shape to suit thespace or place available, made of boiler-plate or cast-iron or othersuit-able material, of strength to resist internal pressure equal tothat in the same boiler to which it is attached or of which it may be apart, and in it is stored scrap zinc or zinc strips or pieces of zinc,finely-divided particles of iron and metal filings, turnings, and smallpieces of scrap metal.

B is a steam-pipe from the boiler, entering A and passing through it.The portion inside of A is surrounded by one or more tubes, tunnels, orpipes 12 b of iron or brass or other suitable metal, with holes in thesaid portion of B inside of A and in the surrounding pipes 19 b as seenin Fig. 1, exposed for reference to the perforations and Woven liningshereinafter referred to around 1) W. The said portion of B and thesurrounding pipes 19 b may be each incased in close-fitting sleeves madeof fine Woven -Wire cloth, or the sleeves may be made of flannel,cotton, canvas, or other suitable woven material. The sleeves may bemade fast to the said portion of the pipe B, and the sleeves for each ofthe said pipes b b may be made fast by sewing each sleeve, according toits size or pipe, to each respective pipe with fine wire of brass orother metal through the holes in the said portion of the pipe 13 andthrough the holes in the surrounding pipes l) b within the vessel A, asseen in Fig. 1.

Between A and the boiler the pipe 13 is fitted with a check-valve U anda shut-off valve 1) for disuse of the invention when for any causenecessary to use the boiler without the device; but the check-valve ismore especially to prevent gases entering the boiler.

C is a pipe connected to A, by which oil may be put into the vessel A byhand or by any mechanical device. A glass gage may be used to show thelevel of oil in the vessel A, and a hand-hole with secure joint may bein any part of the said vessel A to remove sediment or refuse matter.

D (see Figs. 1 and 4) represents superheatten inches in diameter, placedin the preferred part, the part preferred being on each side of the doorat the front inside, standing on end, resting upon the floor of thefurnace, and passing up through the grate-bars, or standing upon thegrate-bars, (see Fig. 2,) or supported by any suitable means, and ofsuch height as may be suitable for the furnace. D D may be made ofcast-iron or suitable metal. I prefer a fire-resisting quality ofcast-iron, which may be protected by a coating or by any suitable means.I prefer the use of the metal without any coating or cover, and thesuperheaters D must be of sufficient strength to withstand pressure atleast equal to that in the boiler.

Inside the casings of D D there may be tubes E E, of iron, or steel, orbrass, or bronze, or other suitable material, that may pass through theupper end to the bottom of the inside. (See Fig. 3.) The bottoms of theeasings of D D and the tubes E E are closed and steam-tight. The innertubes E E may be about one-third of the diameter of the outer shells D Dand have a number of small holes, which may be in parallel rows, drilledthrough the sides of each about half an inch apart. (See Fig. 3.)

Around tubes E E and close-fitted thereto may be sleeves of fine wovenbrass wire-cloth sewed to said tubes E E, with brass wire stitchedthrough the holes in the tubes to the sleeves in which tubes areincased, and within thetube is also a lining of fine woven brasswire-cloth, also stitched to tubes with brass wire through the holes inE E. (See Fig. 3.)

From the inner linings in the tubes E E, but not passing through thesaid linings, (see Fig. 3,) there may be one'or more (see Fig. 1) smalltubes or nozzles F F F, made to project through from the linings (seeFig. 3) within and through E E and outer linings of the tubes andthrough the superheaters D D on the circle or in angles one to theother, exposing to the fire short blunt or semicircular points F F F.(See Fig. 1 for each superheater.)

The opening in the inner end of each of the nozzles or tubes F F F forabout half an inch or less may be one sixty-fourth of an o inch indiameter or less, increased by tapering the hole in each nozzle towardthe outer or semicircular end, say, to the extent of about threethirty-seconds of an inch in diameter at the furnace end or point, (seeFig. 3,) for the purpose of blowing through any grit or sediment thatmay pass to the nozzles F F F, as seen in the sectional view of upper F,Fig. 3.

Instead of nozzles there maybe holes, which may be made to taper throughsuperhcater D, like those in the nozzles.

The nozzles or tubes F F F in superheaters D D are made to project, asstated, by being screwed through the casing of superheater D D and tubeE E, (see Fig. 3,) or they may be made to screw through superheater D D(see Fig. 4) without the combination therein, as seen in Fig. 3.

\Vithin the spaces (see Fig. 3) between the brass woven wire-clothlining to tube E E and the casings D D there are placed loosely smallpieces of metal and iron or steel, iron filings, iron turnin gs fromiron turning-lathes, and scrap metals in small particles.

The holes or nozzles F F F in each of the superheaters D D (see Fig. 2)are placed one above the other, (see Fig. 3,) the lowest beingabout teninches above the grate-bars, so as to be a little above the level of thetop of the fuel when coal is used, and I place the others each aboutfour inches above the other; but they maybe on the circle of D or atangles thereon one to the other.

The holes in superheaters ornozzles F F F are adjusted to pointdiagonally across the furnace; but the particular angle is notessential, nor is the height at which they are placed, as both may bevaried to suit conditions required by the shape and size of the furnaceor kind of fuel used.

B is a continuation of steam-pipe B, which may have a check-valve and ashut-off valve (see Fig. 1) from the boiler through A and connecting Awith the inner tubes E (See Figs. 1, 2, and 3.) By means of it steam isconveyed into superheaters D D. (See Fig. 2.)

II is a movable pipe, so arranged that when necessary it may be used toincrease the draft above the fire-bed or to prevent any excess of volumein the gases escaping through the door, (see Fig. 1,) or it may beextended to aid in creating a draft-current through hollow grate-bars inthe furnace, as a steamjet, (see 0, Fig. 5,) if hollow grate-bars beused with air or gas vents in the form of small holes, slots, or slitsinto the furnace through the fuel.

The operation of the device is as follows: After steam has been raisedto a pressure in the boiler it is passed through the pipe B to thevessel A, (see Fig. 1,) and from A by the pipe B to the brass tubes E Ewithin and to the superheaters D I), (see Figs. 1 and 2,) the steamcarrying in its course its units of heat, acting upon and acted upon bythe heated metal or iron turnings, filings, or pieces of iron and steelin A and in the spaces in the superheaters between the linings of E Eand casings of D D and upon the superheaters D D, and, therein becomingsuperheated in contact with the iron, particles of iron, and metal, isdecomposed into its component parts, and expelled by pressure throughthe holes or nozzles F F F into the furnace above the fire-bed in theform of combustible gas energized by the heat and pressure, acceleratingmotion among the particles inmotion in the furnace and uniting byaffinity with the carbon of the solid fuel for perfect combustion in theunion of all the particles of combustion. I

Air may be admitted through the gratebars, as in ordinary firing, ornaturally through hollow grate-bars with holes or slots in the upperside of each or any number .of the grate-bars, rests, or head or endpieces in contact with the fuel. The air passing naturally through thehollow grate-bars may be accelerated in motion by a steam-jet frommovable pipe H.

When desirable, always by preference at low temperatures, and preferablyas increasing efficiency at all temperatures, the vessel A is partiallyfilled with oil, by preference crude petroleum, which, acted upon by theheat from the steam passing through B, gives off a vapor thinned byfiltration through the sleeve-1inings on the pipes 1) b that in smallestmeasure saturates the steam from the boiler, overcoming andcounteracting the aqueous properties of the steam at low temperatures,increasing the gases in thefurnace, and aiding combustion.

I do not herein claim the grate-bars shown in Fig. 5, as that forms thesubject-matter of a separate application, Serial No. 308,941, filedApril 29, 1889.

llaving now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare thatWhat I claim is- 1. The combination of the boiler, the vesscl A, havingmetal strips, scraps, or particles therein, the pipe B, leading from thesteamdome of said boiler through vessel A to the fire-box and havingthat part passing through vessel A perforated, and the superheater insaid fire-box and connected with pipe I substantially as described.

2. The combination of the boiler, the Vessel containing zinc orcomposition zinc strips, scraps, or particles, the pipe B, leading fromthe steam-dome of said boiler through vessel A to the fire-box andhaving that part passing through vessel A perforated, and thesuperheater in said fire-box and connected with pipe 13.

3. The combination of a boiler, the vessel A, containing metallic scrapor particles, the pipe B, leading from the steam-dome of said boilerthrough vessel A to the fire-box and having that part passing throughvessel A perforated, and the superheater containing iron or steelfilings or similar substances in contact with the steam and connectedwith said pipe B, substantially as described.

4. The combination of the vessel A, the steam-pipe passing through saidvessel and having the part in the vessel perforated, and theclose-fitting sleeves made of fine wirecloth or flannel inclosing saidperforated part of the steam-pipe, substantially as described.

'5. The combination of a boiler, the vessel A, containing metallicscrap, the pipe B, lead ing from the steam-dome of said boiler throughvessel A to the fire-box and having that part passing through vessel Aperforated, the superheater connected with said pipe B, the hollowgrate-bars, and the steam-jet O in said grate-bars, substantially asdescribed.

JOHN LIVINGSTONE.

